The symbol commonly used to represent the number of cases (students) in a group or sample.

The Progress Monitor progress summary used for an individual student assessment schedule when the student has a rate of improvement between +.5 and -.5 corrects of the required rate of improvement necessary to attain the Progress Monitor Goal.

Number Identification

The failure to obtain a response on a test item.

A reporting method which uses a relevant population, or average, as the basis of comparison to determine an outcome.

A standardized assessment, the results of which are interpreted in relation to the performance of a larger reference population taking the same test. Usually the reference population (or "norm group") is a national sample representing a wide and diverse cross-section of students. The purpose of norm-referenced score interpretations is usually to rank students and not to measure achievement toward specific performance criteria. See also criterion-referenced test.

A normalized scaled score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 21.06. This score is most often used to enable test users to manipulate the test data algebraically. In contrast to percentile ranks, normal curve equivalents provide an interval scale; thus, they should be used instead of percentile ranks when interpolating or averaging scores.

A frequency distribution for a set of variable data that in graphic form has a distinctive bell-shaped appearance symmetrical about the mean (middle). Scores are concentrated near the mean and decrease in frequency toward the tails of the curve. The shape of a normal distribution curve is defined by its mean and standard deviation. Many academic and ability measures assume a normal distribution of results.

See conversion tables.

 Nonsense Word Fluency